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Gastrointestinal cancer

Best Doctor for Gastrointestinal cancer in Bangalore | Dr Murali Subramanian

Gastrointestinal cancer is one of the most common cancers. Gastric cancer is the second most common cause of cancer death globally. H. pylori bacteria is associated with gastric mucosal infection. In underdeveloped countries with poor hygienic conditions, around 90% of the population is infected asymptomatically in childhood.

What are Gastrointestinal Cancers?

Gastrointestinal cancer is a group of cancers that affect the digestive system. There are several types of cancers grouped under GI cancer.

Stomach cancer

Stomach Cancer- In this type of cancer, malignant cancer cells form in the lining of the stomach. It develops slowly over many years.

Symptoms

Please remember that having these symptoms do not necessarily mean that you have stomach cancer. It could be due to several other medical conditions. Hence if you have these symptoms, I recommend you get yourself checked.

  • Indigestion and stomach discomfort
  • A bloated feeling after eating
  • Mild nausea
  • Loss of appetite
  • Heartburn

In more advanced stages the following symptoms may occur:

  • Blood in the stool
  • Vomiting
  • Weight loss for no known reason
  • Stomach pain
  • Jaundice
  • Collection of fluid in the abdomen
  • Difficulty swallowing

Diagnosing Stomach Cancer

The diagnostic tests that are used to examine the stomach and oesophagus are used to diagnose stomach cancer. They are

  • Physical examination: checking for signs of the disease, such as lumps, pain or any other abnormal changes.
  • Blood tests: a procedure in which a blood sample is collected and tested for abnormalities.

Doctor may order for a complete blood count to check for haemoglobin in the red blood cells.

Endoscopy: a diagnostic procedure to examine the oesophagus, stomach, and  small intestine to check for tumors.

Stomach Cancer Treatment

Like in other types of cancers, treatment will depend on how large the tumour is and at what stage the cancer has reached.

Surgery is usually the most common treatment for all stages of stomach cancer. The main treatment is gastrectomy surgery.

Small interstine cancer

 What is Small Intestine Cancer?

 Small Intestine Cancer is a relatively rare disease in which cancer cells form in the tissues of the small intestine.

The small intestine is a long tube that connects the stomach and the large interstine.

Symptoms

  • Pain or cramps in the middle of the abdomen
  • Unexplained weight loss
  • Unusual lump in the abdomen
  • Blood in the stool

Diagnosing Small Intestine Cancer

Some of the diagnostic tests doctors may recommend for small interstine cancer includes

  • Abdominal x-ray
  • Barium enema
  • Faecal Occult Blood Test
  • Upper endoscopy
  • Upper GI series with small bowel follow-through
  • Lymph node biopsy: 

Small intestine cancer is also usually treated with surgery.

  • Liver Cancer occurs when cancerous cells within the liver grow in an abnormal way.

Symptoms of liver cancer can include:

  • A feeling of discomfort on the upper right side of the abdomen
  • A lump  below the rib cage on the right side
  • Pain in the upper back, around the right shoulder blade
  • Unexplained weight loss
  • Jaundice
  • Unusual tiredness
  • Loss of appetite and/or nausea.

Diagnosis tests for liver cancer

  • A physical examination.
  • Examination of a blood sample.
  • Scanning of the liver
  • Laparoscopy
  • Biopsy of the liver

Oesophageal Cancer is cancer of the long tube that connects the throat to the stomach. It’s role is to push food from the mouth through to the stomach.

  • Difficulty swallowing
  • Food coming back up
  • Weight loss
  • Acid reflux
  • Hoarseness or a chronic cough
  • Coughing up blood

Other than this, GI cancer also refers to following cancers

  • Oesophageal Cancer
  • Gallbladder Cancer
  • Pancreatic Cancer
  • Gastro-Intestinal Stromal Tumour
  • Neuroendocrine Tumours
  • Colorectal Cancer
  • Small Bowel Cancer
  • Anal Cancer

Book your appointment with Dr. Murali Subramanian  for Best Doctor for Gastrointestinal cancer in Bangalore – Today:+91 9880522891 or Check out our Social Media page! 

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Vaginal Cancer

Best Vaginal cancer treatment in Bangalore | Dr Murali Subramanian

A rare type of cancer, vaginal cancer starts in the vagina. It accounts for about 1 percent of cancers in the world. It mostly occurs in women over 60, but yes, younger women have got them too. This is Dr.Murali Subramanian, medical oncologist, practicing in Bangalore and in this blog i will be giving you some information on a rare form of cancer called vaginal cancer and Vaginal cancer treatment in Bangalore

The main types of vaginal cancer are

  1. Squamous cell. Squamous cell cancer starts in the vaginal lining and develops slowly. It accounts for around 78 percent of vaginal cancers.
  2. Adenocarcinoma: Adenocarcinoma cancer starts in the vaginal gland cells. It’s most common in women over 50. It’s the second-most common type of vaginal cancer.
  3. Melanoma.  This type of cancer starts in the melanoma cells.
  4. Sarcoma. This type of cancer is very rare and starts in the vaginal walls.

 Remember that if diagnosed in early stages, vaginal cancer treatment has a high success rate.

Symptoms of vaginal cancer

Look out for abnormal bleeding after sex, in between periods and after menopause.Some other symptoms to watch out for are abnormal vaginal discharge, pelvic pain and fistulas.

Sometimes, vaginal cancer patients do not experience any symptoms.Hence we advise a routine pelvic examination for all women.

Causes and risk factors of vaginal cancer

Causes of vaginal cancer include:

Human papilloma virus (HPV) causes vaginal cancer. People who have cervical cancer are also at a higher risk.Previously doctors prescribed diethystilbestrol (DES) to women inorder to reduce chances of miscarriage. But this has been stopped completely.

Risk factors for vaginal cancer include:

  • Hysterectomy
  • Smoking
  • Older than 60
  •  HIV
  • early sexual activity

Diagnosis of vaginal cancer

The first step involves complete examination by the doctor. Second involves a pelvic examination and a pap smear.

If the Pap smear is similar to a pelvic exam and shows any abnormal cells, your doctor will perform a colposcopy. The doctor uses a colposcope to magnify and examine the cervix and vaginal walls.

Next step is a biopsy once the exact location is located.

If the biopsy reveals cancer,the doctor will do MRI or CT scan to see if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.

Stages of vaginal cancer

To know how much the cancer has spread, and to decide on the mode of treatment, it is necessary to know the stage of the cancer.

  1. If the diagnosis result stage is Vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VAIN), it is only precancer.
  2. Stage 1. This means Cancer is only in the vaginal wall.
  1. Stage 2. This means Cancer has spread to the tissue next to the vagina
  2. Stage 3. This means Cancer has spread into the pelvis and pelvic wall and lymph nodes
  3. Stage 4. Stage 4 is divided into two substages:
    1. Stage 4A- cancer has spread to the bladder, rectum, or both.
  4. Stage 4B- cancer has spread  throughout the body to organs, such as the lungs, liver, or more distant lymph nodes.

Treatment for vaginal cancer

If the vaginal cancer  is diagnosed in stage 1, you might be recommended surgery followed by radiotherapy.

Radiotherapy is the most recommended and preferred form of treatment for vaginal cancer

After several rounds of radiation, doctors prefer surgery and stop radiation as only a certain amount of radiation can be tolerated by the body. During surgery, the doctors may remove only the tumour or may remove the vagina , surrounding tissues and the pelvic organs.

Outlook for people with vaginal cancer

Vaginal cancer has a five-year survival rate of 40 percent. Survival rates differ greatly by stage.

Survival rate can depend on the age of the patient and the location of the tumor.

Prevention of vaginal cancer

It is important to note that no one can completely prevent any type of cancer. But certain factors may prevent the occurrence. So it is worth taking up these precautions.

  1. Women must get an HPV vaccine after discussing with their doctor.
  2. Smoking is a risk factor for vaginal cancer.
  3. Alcohol consumption must be limited
  4. Regular pelvic exams and Pap smears help your doctor find precancers before they turn into vaginal cancers. This will help a lot in the treatment and recovery process.

Book your appointment for Vaginal cancer treatment in Bangalore– Today:+91 9880522891 or Check out our Social Media page! 

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Feelings and cancer

Best Cancer Second Medical Opinion in Bangalore – Dr. Murali Subramanian

Cancer not just affects your physical health, but it can also bring up feelings that you’re normally not used to dealing with. It may also make existing feelings more intense. But remember that these feelings are all normal.

Some of the coping mechanisms widely written about and spoken about are:

  1. Seek support and turn to loved ones or other cancer survivors
  2. Consult counselors 
  3. Turn religious and have faith

But you must know that whatever you decide among these, it’s important to do what’s right for you . We are all wired differently. Some of the feelings that cancer fighters have to deal with are as follows:

  • Loneliness
  • Denial
  • Anger
  • Fear and Worry
  • Hope
  • Stress and Anxiety
  • Sadness and Depression
  • Guilt
  • Loneliness

Denial

When a patient is first diagnosed, they refuse to accept the fact. They deny the fact and ask the doctors to look at the results again and reverify if the results are not mixed up. 

Discuss with your doctor and they usually are well-experienced with such situations and will guide you through.

Anger

Majority of the cancer patients are in a shock. They constantly ask themselves why they were chosen to suffer like this. You may suddenly feel angry towards family, friends and doctors. They have also felt anger towards GOD. These feelings are usually linked to helplessness and frustration.

Talk with your family and friends about your intense feelings and be open to their suggestions. Use anger to take action in the positive direction. Try to accept the situation, read positive books , listen to positive audio books and watch your favourite movies. You are not being punished. Loving yourself and your body will help you in the healing process.

Fear and Worry

It is scary to hear that you have cancer, even for the strong. 

Being in pain, either from the cancer or people fear that may be dying soon, that their family will have no one, that they are inadequate or due to financial reasons.

Remember that most fears about cancer are based on wrong information. Talk to survivors and read about your cancer. This way you know what to expect 

Stress and Anxiety

It is normal to have stress during the treatment and also after the diagnosis. During anxiety attacks, you may feel that your heart beats faster, you feel sick in the stomach and you feel weak and shaky. 

If you or your loved ones are going through this,talk to your doctor. You have to also discuss if they are side effects to your treatment. Also remember that it is important not to be too stressed during the treatment process as it may come in the process of healing and recovery. Deep breathing techniques and other forms of meditation have helped many patients.

Sadness and Depression

Many people with cancer feel sad and dejected. They feel like everything is over and they have reached the end. They crave to go back to the life they had before they learned they had the disease. If your loved ones are withdrawn for long periods of time, show no interest in routine activities, you must seek medical attention as it could be depression. 

Some body changes to watch out for 

  • Sudden weight loss not due to illness or treatment
  • Sleep problems
  •  Increased perspiration, diarrhea
  • Drastic change in energy level
  • Severe Fatigue 
  • Headaches

Remember that you do not need to control these feelings right away but getting the help you need is important and doing what is necessary even if they are baby steps will help you recover and emerge stronger than before.

Guilt

Patients may go through feelings of guilt. Feeling guilty and blaming yourself for the disease is seen in the majority of cancer fighters. You may blame yourself for getting the disease and being a burden to them. 

These feelings are all very common. It will help to share it with people you are close to. Remember that it is not your fault.

Loneliness

It’s also normal to feel alone during and after the treatment. Remember not to be hard on yourself. Take your time to cope. Think about what makes you feel good. Remember that your life matters. You matter. Your feelings matter. Give your body, the healing it requires. 

Look for emotional support in different ways. 

It could help you to talk to other people who have cancer or you may feel better talking to a close friend or family member, or counsellor. Do what feels right for you.

Look for the Positive

Try to be hopeful instead of thinking the worst. Even if times are bad now, look out for small pleasures in life. It is difficult but not impossible. You just have to keep trying because irrespective of the support you receive from loved ones and professionals, it is you who has to accept,cope and emerge stronger. For yourself and for your loved ones.

Book your appointment with Dr. Murali Subramanian for Best Cancer Second Medical Opinion in Bangalore – Today: +91 9880522891 or Check out our Social Media page! 

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Podcast on Coping with Cancer

Listen to the podcast audio down below to know more about “Coping with Cancer” by Dr. Murali Subramanian, Doctor for Cancer Treatment in Bangalore.


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Role of Immunotherapy

Listen to the podcast audio down below to know more about “Role of Immunotherapy” by Dr. Murali Subramanian, Doctor for Immunotherapy Treatment in Bangalore.


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Coping With Cancer

Coping with Cancer | Dr.Murali Subramanian

In this blog, I will be discussing an important topic that might help someone dealing with cancer. If you or your loved one is traveling this path, I am here to tell you a real-life story.

When her doctor told Sumana( VP- Operations in a huge investment firm ) she had lung cancer, she was in complete denial. She was quite angry and told him to re-check the scans. She was certain he had mixed up her results with someone else’s. After all, Sumana was healthy, only 46, she didn’t smoke, and she worked out every day. Above all, she had no symptoms.

But, no, the doctor had not mixed up the scans. Sumana had a type of lung cancer called adenocarcinoma. 

Sumana, mother to a 16-year-old girl was devastated. But it was her daughter who motivated her to take control of her emotions and her treatment. Sumana is undergoing her treatment and in her words- “ “When you’re faced with something like this, you have to make every moment count. That’s the only way to get through it: day-by-day.”

Over years of treating cancer survivors, I wish there is more public awareness on how to support cancer fighters. I will share with you some basic techniques that patients have found beneficial.

How do I Cope with Changes in my Body?

A cancer diagnosis and treatment can bring about physical changes to your body and impact your body image. It may include loss of hair, scars, loss of appetite, bowel/bladder control issues, pain, fatigue, and drastic weight changes. This leads to a completely new way of life that is very difficult to adapt to. The changes in your body are a constant reminder of your cancer. 

But remember that it is normal to experience a range of emotions when coping with these changes to your body. Give yourself time to adjust and try to avoid  going down the path of decreased self-esteem, social isolation, anxiety and depression. We will be discussing some of the coping techniques that will help you during this journey.

Many cancer survivors constantly worry that cancer will come back. They live with this constant fear.

It is important to care for yourself and your body even though you don’t feel like it. Following self-care tips have helped most survivors.

  • Exercise, even a short walk, releases endorphins, a naturally occurring mood booster. Alternatively, you could consider the following exercise videos online. 
  • Practice relaxation techniques like meditation and deep, slow breathing exercises.
  • Get a massage or other spa treatment. 
  • Read and listen more to gather knowledge of your cancer, its treatment, and your medications. This helps you be prepared and in control.
  • Discuss with your healthcare worker about ways to manage these changes including pain management.
  • Try ways you can make yourself feel better about your appearance such as wigs, make up, or customized clothing.
  • It is fine to feel sad and not able to control emotions. But it is important to learn to adapt. It is important to try out different ways that could positively impact you.
  • Discuss with your close family and friends about your fears. Never keep these emotions bottled up. You will be surprised by how understanding and supportive they can be.
  • Connect with patients who have gone through similar circumstances. You will not feel like you are the only one fighting anymore. You can talk regarding their experiences and their coping mechanisms. You can offer your support to them. Forming this circle helps a lot in the recovery process.

Emotional support and a positive attitude greatly impact your ability to manage your cancer. We recommend you engage your mind with functional, positive coping techniques and communicating with your support system.  

Over the years, studies have shown a link between the emotional state of the patient and the treatment outcome. I hope through these simple tips, I have been able to illustrate the ways a person can cope during cancer.

Book your appointment with Dr. Murali Subramanian  for Cancer Second Medical Opinion in Bangalore– Today:+91 9880522891 or Check out our Social Media page! 

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What is Myeloma

Best Multiple Myeloma Doctor in Bangalore |Dr Murali Subramanian

Signs and Symptoms of Multiple Myeloma

Patients with Myeloma may have no symptoms at all. Some patients may have the following symptoms

Bone issues

  • Pain in the bone, especially the hips, skull, or back.
  • Weakness in the bone 
  • Broken bones (fractures)

Low blood counts

Usually, Myeloma causes a shortage of red blood cells, white blood cells, and blood platelets. This may lead to the following conditions

  • Anemia: A disease arising out of a reduced number of red blood cells. It can cause weakness, shortness of breath, and dizziness.
  • Leukopenia: A condition arising out of a reduced number of white blood cells that can lower resistance to infections.
  • Thrombocytopenia: A condition arising out of low blood platelet count, which may cause severe bleeding.

High levels of calcium

High levels of calcium in the blood lead to hypercalcemia. This may cause:

  • Extreme thirst
  • Increase in Urinating 
  • Dehydration
  • Kidney problems 
  • Severe constipation
  • Abdominal pain
  • Loss of appetite
  • Weakness
  • Feeling drowsy
  • Confusion

Nervous system issues

If spinal bones become weak due to Myeloma, the condition is known as spinal cord compression and may cause the following symptoms to weaken the bones in the spine,  

  • Sudden severe back pain
  • Numbness in the legs
  • Muscle weakness in the legs.

Spinal cord compression is an emergency, and the patient needs to be immediately shifted to the emergency room to avoid permanent paralysis.

Damage to nerves

Myeloma may also cause weakness and numbness in the nerves and cause the pins and needles sensation. This condition is called peripheral neuropathy.

Hyperviscosity

Myeloma may sometimes cause a condition known as hyperviscosity, which is a condition in which the blood gets too thick, leading to less blood flowing into the brain. This may lead to the following symptoms

  • Confusion
  • Dizziness
  • Weakness on one side of the body
  • Slurred speech

If anybody gets these symptoms, they must consult their doctor immediately. Plasmapheresis is a procedure in which the protein from the blood is removed to reverse the problem.

Kidney issues

Myeloma is known to damage the kidneys. You must remember that in the early stages, the patient has no symptoms, but if the patient is advised a blood test or urine test, the kidneys’ damage can be assessed. This can lead to symptoms such as:

  • Weakness
  • Shortness of breath
  • Itching
  • Leg swelling.

Infections

Patients with Myeloma are much more likely to get infections. Patients suffering from Myeloma must take care not to get infected as their body may be slow to respond to treatment. A severe disease that is seen in these patients is Pneumonia.

 The key to defeat Myeloma is early diagnosis and treatment.

Book your appointment with Dr. Murali Subramanian for Best Multiple Myeloma Doctor in Bangalore today: +91 9686418750.

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Bone Marrow Transplant

Bone marrow transplant in Bangalore | Dr. Murali Subramanian

What Is a Bone Marrow Transplant?

A bone marrow transplant is a procedure that is performed to replace the bone marrow that may have been damaged either by disease or by treatments such as chemotherapy. Bone marrow transplant involves promoting the growth of new bone marrow. Bone marrow is the fatty tissue inside the bone. Fresh and healthy blood stem cells are transplanted when damage to the cells occurs due to various reasons. 

Bone marrow is essential because they help in the following.

  • Manage red blood cells, which carry oxygen and nutrients throughout the body
  • Manage white blood cells, which fight infection
  • Manage platelets, which are responsible for the formation of clots

The healthy stem cells required for this procedure may be from a donor or the patient’s body. Sometimes the stem cells are harvested and stored before the chemotherapy and transplanted later.

Who Needs a Bone Marrow Transplant

A patient whose stems cells are damaged due to chronic infections, disease, or cancer treatments such as chemotherapy can undergo bone marrow transplant. Some reasons for a bone marrow transplant procedure include:

  • Aplastic anaemia: A condition in which the bone marrow stops making blood cells
  • Leukaemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma
  • Chemotherapy
  • Congenital neutropenia
  • Sickle cell anaemia: A condition that causes misshapen red blood cells
  • Thalassemia: A situation where the body makes an abnormal form of haemoglobin

Types of Bone Marrow Transplant

  • Autologous Transplants

This type of bone marrow transplants uses the patient’s stem cells. For this procedure, healthy cells are harvested and stored before beginning a process that may damage the stem cells. After the treatment, the stored cells are transplanted back.

This is a safer procedure as it reduces the risk of some severe complications.

  • Allogeneic Transplants

Allogeneic transplants use a donor’s cells. The donor cells must match genetically; hence a close family member is the first choice. 

Patients undergoing this procedure, have a higher risk of certain complications and will also be put on medications to suppress the immune system. This is because the recipient’s body might reject the donor cells as foreign bodies. Suppression of the immune system might make the patient susceptible to other infections. 

How to Prepare for a Bone Marrow Transplant

The patient needs to undergo several tests to identify what type of bone marrow cells is required. Also, the patient must take extreme precautions as the immune system is suppressed.

It is essential to discuss with your doctor about any concerns you may have. Doctors can clarify all the doubts, fear, and anxieties that a patient or a loved one may have. It is essential to be prepared and aware of potential side-effects.

Book your appointment with Dr. Murali Subramanian – Today for Best Bone marrow transplant in Bangalore by contact us on +91 9880522891 or Check out our Social Media page!

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Role of Immunotherapy in the treatment of cancer

Best Immunotherapy Doctor in Bangalore|Dr. Murali Subramanian

What is Immunotherapy?

Immunotherapy is a type of biological treatment that uses the person’s own immune system to fight cancer. The immune system consists of white blood cells and other organs and tissues of the lymph system that helps your body fight infections and other diseases.

How does immunotherapy work against cancer?

Immunotherapy: How the Immune System Fights Cancer

Normally, in a healthy body, the immune system detects and destroys abnormal cells. Immune cells are found in and around tumors sometimes and this is a good sign. This shows that the patient’s immune system is fighting the abnormal cancer cells. These cells are called tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes or TILs.

But even with the presence of these immune system cells, the cancer cells can grow. Some of the reasons for this are-

  1. Cancer cells have undergone some genetic changes that make them invisible to the immune system.
  2. Cancer cells have certain proteins on their surface that can make immune cells less effective.
  3. Cancer cells can make the normal cells around the tumour to interfere with the normal functioning of the immune system.

In such cases, immunotherapy helps the immune system to better fight against cancer.

What are the types of immunotherapy?

There are different types of immunotherapy

Immune checkpoint inhibitors :

Drugs administered to cancer patients to block immune checkpoints. Our body has these immune checkpoints normally to stop the immune system from responding strongly. Immune checkpoint inhibitors allow immune cells to respond more strongly than normally to fight the cancer cells.

T-cell transfer therapy:

As the name suggests, this therapy helps the T-cells to fight the cancer cells in a more effective manner. In this treatment ( also known as adoptive immunotherapy or adoptive cell therapy ), immune cells are taken from your tumour. This therapy involves retrieving the healthy cells from your tumour that are highly effective in fighting the cancer cells. These cells are grown and made more effective in a lab and then re-introduced back into the body.

Therapeutic antibodies:

This is a type of immunotherapy that involves lab designed immune system proteins that can bind to cancer cells. In some cases, the monoclonal antibodies are designed to make the cancer cells more conspicuous so that they will be more visible to the body’s immune system.

Treatment vaccines: These vaccines are not the same as the vaccines used to prevent diseases. They are used to boost the patient’s immune system to fight against cancer cells.

Immune system modulators : These modulators can be designed to either help boost specific areas of the immune system or the whole immune system.

How is immunotherapy given?

The various types of immunotherapy may be given in different ways.

  • Intravenous (IV)

The immunotherapy goes directly into a vein.

  • Oral

The immunotherapy comes in pills or capsules that patients can swallow.

  • Topical

This tropical way involves application of simple cream on the body and can be used for early cancer.

  • Intravesical

The immunotherapy drugs goes directly into the bladder.

Where do you go for immunotherapy?

Patients can undergo immunotherapy treatment in a doctor’s clinic or outpatient unit in a hospital depending on the type. It does not require the patient to stay in the hospital.

To undergo immunotherapy treatment contact Dr Murali Subramanian, Best Immunotherapy Doctor in Bangalore

How often do patients need immunotherapy?

The treatment process of immunotherapy and the time period will depend on the following factors.

  • Type of cancer
  • Stage of cancer
  • Type of immunotherapy
  • The body’s response to treatment

Immunotherapy may be given in cycles. A cycle in any treatment refers to a period of treatment followed by a period of rest. The rest period is necessary to give your body a chance to recover.

How can you tell if immunotherapy is working?

Doctors, trained to work on immunotherapy can tell you if this particular mode of treatment is helping or not. If the doctor observes that immunotherapy techniques are yielding good results in fighting cancer then they will conduct frequent examinations and medical tests to assess the size of the tumour.

Further research on immunotherapy techniques will help the medical team get a better understanding of how cancer cells  the immune system could lead to the development of new drugs that block those processes.

Book your appointment with Dr. Murali Subramanian – Today:+91 9880522891 for Best Immunotherapy Doctor in Bangalore or Check out our Facebook page!

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Podcast on Targeted therapy

Listen to the podcast audio down below to know more about Targeted therapy by Dr. Murali Subramanian, Targeted Therapy Doctor in Bangalore


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